Showing posts with label HTML Elements. Show all posts

Friday, 2 May 2014

HTML Forms and Input

HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

Try it Yourself - Examples

Create text fields
How to create text fields. The user can write text in a text field.
Create password field
How to create a password field.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Forms

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:

<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element

The most important form element is the <input> element.
The <input> element is used to select user information.
An <input> element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An <input> element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.
The most common input types are described below.

Text Fields

<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:

<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

Password Field

<input type="password"> defines a password field:

<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd">
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons

<input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male<br>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Checkboxes

<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Submit Button

<input type="submit"> defines a submit button.
A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:

<form name="input" action="demo_form_action.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="user">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "demo_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

More Examples

Radio buttons
How to create radio buttons.
Checkboxes
How to create checkboxes. A user can select or unselect a checkbox.
Simple drop-down list
How to create a simple drop-down list.
Drop-down list with a pre-selected value
How to create a drop-down list with a pre-selected value.
Textarea
How to create a multi-line text input control. In a text-area the user can write an unlimited number of characters.
Create a button
How to create a button.

Form Examples

Fieldset around form-data
How to create a border around elements in a form.
Form with text fields and a submit button
How to create a form with two text fields and a submit button.
Form with checkboxes
How to create a form with two checkboxes and a submit button.
Form with radio buttons
How to create a form with two radio buttons, and a submit button.
Send e-mail from a form
How to send e-mail from a form.

HTML Form Tags

= Tag added in HTML5.

Tag	Description
<form>	Defines an HTML form for user input
<input>	Defines an input control
<textarea>	Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<label>	Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset>	Groups related elements in a form
<legend>	Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<select>	Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup>	Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list
<button>	Defines a clickable button
<datalist>	Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<keygen>	Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms)
<output>	Defines the result of a calculation

HTML Layouts

Web page layout is very important to make your website look good.

Design your webpage layout very carefully.

Try it Yourself - Examples

Web page layout using <div> elements
How to add layout using <div> elements.
Web page layout using <table> elements
How to add layout using <table> elements.

Website Layouts

Most websites have put their content in multiple columns (formatted like a magazine or newspaper).
Multiple columns are created by using <div> or <table> elements. CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.

	Even though it is possible to create nice layouts with HTML tables, tables were designed for presenting tabular data - NOT as a layout tool!

HTML Layouts - Using <div> Elements

The div element is a block level element used for grouping HTML elements.
The following example uses five div elements to create a multiple column layout, creating the same result as in the previous example:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<div id="container" style="width:500px">

<div id="header" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
<h1 style="margin-bottom:0;">Main Title of Web Page</h1></div>

<div id="menu" style="background-color:#FFD700;height:200px;width:100px;float:left;">
<b>Menu</b><br>
HTML<br>
CSS<br>
JavaScript</div>

<div id="content" style="background-color:#EEEEEE;height:200px;width:400px;float:left;">
Content goes here</div>

<div id="footer" style="background-color:#FFA500;clear:both;text-align:center;">
Copyright © W3Schools.com</div>

</div>

</body>
</html>

Try it yourself »

The HTML code above will produce the following result:

Main Title of Web Page

Menu
HTML
CSS
JavaScript

Content goes here

HTML Layouts - Using Tables

A simple way of creating layouts is by using the HTML <table> tag.
Multiple columns are created by using <div> or <table> elements. CSS are used to position elements, or to create backgrounds or colorful look for the pages.

	Using <table> to create a nice layout is NOT the correct use of the element. The purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data!

The following example uses a table with 3 rows and 2 columns - the first and last row spans both columns using the colspan attribute:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<table style="width:500px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;">
<h1 style="margin:0;padding:0;">Main Title of Web Page</h1>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td style="background-color:#FFD700;width:100px;vertical-align:top;">
<b>Menu</b><br>
HTML<br>
CSS<br>
JavaScript
</td>
<td style="background-color:#eeeeee;height:200px;width:400px;vertical-align:top;">
Content goes here</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color:#FFA500;text-align:center;">
Copyright © W3Schools.com</td>
</tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

Try it yourself »

HTML Layout - Useful Tips

Tip: The biggest advantage of using CSS is that, if you place the CSS code in an external style sheet, your site becomes MUCH EASIER to maintain. You can change the layout of all your pages by editing one file. To learn more about CSS, study our CSS tutorial.
Tip: Because advanced layouts take time to create, a quicker option is to use a template. Search Google for free website templates (these are pre-built website layouts you can use and customize).

HTML Layout Tags

Tag	Description
<div>	Defines a section in a document (block-level)
<span>	Defines a section in a document (inline)

HTML Blocks

HTML elements can be grouped together with <div> and <span>.

HTML Block Elements

Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or as inline elements.
Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line when displayed in a browser.
Examples: <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>

HTML Inline Elements

Inline elements are normally displayed without starting a new line.
Examples: <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>

The HTML <div> Element

The HTML <div> element is a block level element that can be used as a container for grouping other HTML elements.
The <div> element has no special meaning. Except that, because it is a block level element, the browser will display a line break before and after it.
When used together with CSS, the <div> element can be used to set style attributes to large blocks of content.
Another common use of the <div> element, is for document layout. It replaces the "old way" of defining layout using tables. Using <table> elements for layout is not the correct use of <table>. The purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data.

The HTML <span> Element

The HTML <span> element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text.
The <span> element has no special meaning.
When used together with CSS, the <span> element can be used to set style attributes to parts of the text.

HTML Grouping Tags

Tag	Description
<div>	Defines a section in a document (block-level)
<span>	Defines a section in a document (inline)

HTML Lists

The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:

HTML Lists

An ordered list:

The first list item
The second list item
The third list item

An unordered list:

List item
List item
List item

Try-It-Yourself Examples

Unordered list
How to create an unordered list in an HTML document.
Ordered list
How to create an ordered list in an HTML document.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee
Milk

HTML Ordered Lists

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with numbers.

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee
Milk

HTML Description Lists

A description list is a list of terms/names, with a description of each term/name.
The <dl> tag defines a description list.
The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines terms/names) and <dd> (describes each term/name):

<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee: - black hot drink
Milk: - white cold drink

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

More Examples

Different types of ordered lists
Demonstrates different types of ordered lists.
Different types of unordered lists
Demonstrates different types of unordered lists.
Nested list
Demonstrates how you can nest lists.
Nested list 2
Demonstrates a more complicated nested list.
Description list
Demonstrates a definition list.

HTML List Tags

Tag	Description
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<li>	Defines a list item
<dl>	Defines a description list
<dt>	Defines a term/name in a description list
<dd>	Defines a description of a term/name in a description list

HTML Tables

HTML Table Example:

Firstname	Lastname	Points
Jill	Smith	50
Eve	Jackson	94
John	Doe	80
Adam	Johnson	67

Try it Yourself - Examples

Basic HTML tables
How to create basic tables in HTML.
A table with borders
How to add borders to a table.
A table with collapsed borders
How to make the borders collapse.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Tables

Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows with the <tr> tag. (tr stands for table row)
A row is divided into data cells with the <td> tag. (td stands for table data)
A row can also be divided into headings with the <th> tag. (th stands for table heading)
The <td> elements are the data containers in the table.
The <td> elements can contain all sorts of HTML elements like text, images, lists, other tables, etc.
The width of a table can be defined using CSS.

Example

<table style="width:300px">
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>

Try it yourself »

An HTML Table with a Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border for the table, it will be displayed without borders.
A border can be added using the border attribute:

Example

<table border="1" style="width:300px">
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>

Try it yourself »

	However, the border attribute is on its way out of the HTML standard! It is better to use CSS.

To add borders with CSS, use the border property:

Example

Try it yourself »

Remember to define borders for both the table and the table cells.

An HTML Table with Collapsed Borders

If you want the borders to collapse into one border, add border-collapse to your CSS:

Example

Try it yourself »

An HTML Table with Cell Padding

Cell padding specifies the space between the cell content and its borders.
If you do not specify a padding, the table cells will be displayed without padding.
To set the padding, use the CSS padding property:

Example

th,td
{
padding:15px;
}

Try it yourself »

HTML Table Headings

Table headings are defined with the <th> tag.
By default, all major browsers display table headings as bold and centered:

Example

<table style="width:300px">
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Points</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
<td>94</td>
</tr>
</table>

Try it yourself »

To left-align the table headings, use the CSS text-align property:

Example

th
{
text-align:left;
}

Try it yourself »

An HTML Table with Cell Spacing

Cell spacing specifies the space between the cells.
To set the cell spacing for the table, use the CSS border-spacing property:

Example

table
{
border-spacing:5px;
}

Try it yourself »

More Examples

Horizontal/Vertical table headings
How to create horizontal/vertical table headings.
Table with a caption
How to add a caption to a table.
Table cells that span more than one row/column
How to define table cells that span more than one row or one column.
Tags inside a table
How to display elements inside other elements.

HTML Table Tags

Tag	Description
<table>	Defines a table
<th>	Defines a header cell in a table
<tr>	Defines a row in a table
<td>	Defines a cell in a table
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<colgroup>	Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<col>	Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<thead>	Groups the header content in a table
<tbody>	Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot>	Groups the footer content in a table

HTML Images

Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself »

Try it Yourself - Examples

Insert images
How to insert images into an HTML document.
Insert images from different locations
How to insert an image from another folder or another server.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.
Syntax for defining an image:

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:

Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images takes time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

More Examples

Let an image float to the left and to the right
How to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph.
Make a hyperlink of an image
How to use an image as a link.
Create an image map
How to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each region is a hyperlink.

HTML Image Tags

Tag	Description
<img>	Defines an image
<map>	Defines an image-map
<area>	Defines a clickable area inside an image-map

HTML Styles - CSS

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors

Manipulate Text

Colors, Boxes

and more...

Try it yourself

Try it Yourself - Examples

Using styles in HTML
How to add style information inside the <head> section.
Link that is not underlined
How to make a link that is not underlined, with the style attribute.
Link to an external style sheet
How to use the <link> tag to link to an external style sheet.

Styling HTML with CSS

CSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements.
CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways:

Inline - using the style attribute in HTML elements
Internal - using the <style> element in the <head> section
External - using an external CSS file

The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files.
However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself.
You can learn everything about CSS in our CSS Tutorial.

Inline Styles

An inline style can be used if a unique style is to be applied to one single occurrence of an element.
To use inline styles, use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example below shows how to change the text color and the left margin of a paragraph:

<p style="color:blue;margin-left:20px;">This is a paragraph.</p>

To learn more about style sheets, visit our CSS tutorial.

HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body style="background-color:yellow;">
<h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2>
<p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

Try it yourself »

The background-color property makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete.
Try it yourself: Background color the old way

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">A heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

Try it yourself »

The font-family, color, and font-size properties make the old <font> tag obsolete.

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

Try it yourself »

The text-align property makes the old <center> tag obsolete.
Try it yourself: Centered heading the old way

Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet can be used if one single document has a unique style. Internal styles are defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:

<head>
<style>
body {background-color:yellow;}
p {color:blue;}
</style>
</head>

External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the <head> section:

HTML Style Tags

Tag	Description
<style>	Defines style information for a document
<link>	Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes were used to style documents. These tags are not supported in newer versions of HTML.
Avoid using the elements: <font>, <center>, and <strike>, and the attributes: color and bgcolor.

HTML Head

ry it Yourself - Examples

<title> - Define a title for an HTML document
Use the <title> tag to define a title for a document.
<base> - Default URL and target for all links
Use the <base> tag to specify a default URL and a default target for all links on a page.
<meta> - Provide metadata for an HTML document
Use <meta> elements to specify a description, keywords, author, and character set of a document.

The HTML <head> Element

The <head> element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more.
The following tags can be added to the head section: <title>, <style>, <meta>, <link>, <script>, <noscript>, and <base>.

The HTML <title> Element

The <title> tag defines the title of the document.
The <title> element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents.
The <title> element:

defines a title in the browser toolbar
provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
displays a title for the page in search-engine results

A simplified HTML document:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>

<body>
The content of the document......
</body>

</html>

The HTML <base> Element

The <base> tag specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a page:

The HTML <link> Element

The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource.
The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets:

The HTML <style> Element

The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.
Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow;}
p {color:blue;}
</style>
</head>

The HTML <meta> Element

Metadata is data (information) about data.
The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.
Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata.
The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services.
<meta> tags always go inside the <head> element.

<meta> Tags - Examples of Use

Define keywords for search engines:

Define a description of your web page:

Define the author of a page:

Refresh document every 30 seconds:

The HTML <script> Element

The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript.
The <script> element will be explained in a later chapter.

HTML head Elements

Tag	Description
<head>	Defines information about the document
<title>	Defines the title of a document
<base>	Defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page
<link>	Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource
<meta>	Defines metadata about an HTML document
<script>	Defines a client-side script
<style>	Defines style information for a document

HTML Links

inks are found in nearly all Web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML links
How to create links in an HTML document.
(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Hyperlinks (Links)

The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink.
A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to another document.
When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand.
The most important attribute of the <a> element is the href attribute, which indicates the link's destination.
By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:

An unvisited link is underlined and blue
A visited link is underlined and purple
An active link is underlined and red

HTML Link Syntax

The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this:

The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a>

which will display like this: Visit W3Schools
Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage.
Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. It can be an image or any other HTML element.

HTML Links - The target Attribute

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window or a new tab:

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

Try it yourself »

HTML Links - The id Attribute

The id attribute can be used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document.
Tip: Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Example

An anchor with an id inside an HTML document:

<a id="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document:

<a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page:

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips">
Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/".

More Examples

An image as a link
How to use an image as a link.
Link to a location on the same page
How to link to a bookmark.
Break out of a frame
How to break out of a frame (if your site is locked in a frame).
Create a mailto link
How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed).
Create a mailto link 2
Another mailto link.

HTML Link Tags

Tag	Description
<a>	Defines a hyperlink

HTML Comments

Comment tags  are used to insert comments in HTML.

HTML Comment Tags

You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax:

	Note: There is an exclamation point (!) in the opening tag, but not in the closing tag.

Comments are not displayed by the browser, but they can help document your HTML.
With comments you can place notifications and reminders in your HTML:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

Try it yourself »

Comments are also great for debugging HTML, because you can comment out HTML lines of code, one at a time, to search for errors:

Example

Try it yourself »

Software Program Tags

HTML comments tags can also be generated by various HTML software programs.
For example the  tags which are wrapped inside HTML comments by FrontPage.
As a rule, let these tags stay, to help support the software.

Conditional Comments

Only Internet Explorer recognizes conditional comments.
Conditional comments enable you to add a browser specific code that executes only if the browser is IE but is treated as a comment by other browsers.
You can add conditional comments to your HTML document by using the following syntax:

Example

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HTML Text Formatting

This text is bold

This text is italic

This is computer output

This is_subscript and ^superscript

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HTML Formatting Tags

HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference).

	Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only. <strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>.

However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:

<b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only.

<strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!

Try it Yourself - Examples

Text formatting
How to format text in an HTML document.
Preformatted text
How to control the line breaks and spaces with the <pre> tag.
"Computer output" tags
How different "computer output" tags will be displayed.
Address
How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document.
Abbreviations and acronyms
How to handle abbreviations and acronyms.
Text direction
How to change the text direction.
Quotations
How to handle long and short quotations.
Deleted and inserted text
How to mark deleted and inserted text.
Marked/Highlighted text
How to mark/highlight text.

HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag	Description
<b>	Defines bold text
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<i>	Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<small>	Defines smaller text
<strong>	Defines important text
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<ins>	Defines inserted text
<del>	Defines deleted text
<mark>	Defines marked/highlighted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag	Description
<code>	Defines computer code text
<kbd>	Defines keyboard text
<samp>	Defines sample computer code
<var>	Defines a variable
<pre>	Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

Tag	Description
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation or acronym
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<bdo>	Defines the text direction
<blockquote>	Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<q>	Defines an inline (short) quotation
<cite>	Defines the title of a work
<dfn>	Defines a definition term

HTML Headings

Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>

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Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.

Headings Are Important

Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.

HTML Lines

The <hr> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.
The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<hr>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<hr>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

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HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source

Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

Examples From This Page

Headings
How to display headings in an HTML document.
Horizontal lines
How to insert a horizontal line.

HTML Tag Reference

W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.

Tag	Description
<html>	Defines an HTML document
<body>	Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings
<hr>	Defines a horizontal line
<!-->	Defines a comment

HTML Elements

HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements

An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag *	Element content	End tag *
<p>	This is a paragraph	</p>
<a href="default.htm">	This is a link	</a>
<br>

* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax

An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements

Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained

The <p> element:

<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:

<html>

<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag

Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).

HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.

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Friday, 2 May 2014

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML Forms

HTML Forms - The Input Element

Text Fields

Password Field

Radio Buttons

Checkboxes

Submit Button

More Examples

Form Examples

HTML Form Tags

Try it Yourself - Examples

Website Layouts

HTML Layouts - Using <div> Elements

Example

Main Title of Web Page

HTML Layouts - Using Tables

Example

HTML Layout - Useful Tips

HTML Layout Tags

HTML Block Elements

HTML Inline Elements

The HTML <div> Element

The HTML <span> Element

HTML Grouping Tags

HTML Lists

An ordered list:

An unordered list:

Try-It-Yourself Examples

HTML Unordered Lists

HTML Ordered Lists

HTML Description Lists

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

More Examples

HTML List Tags

HTML Table Example:

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML Tables

Example

An HTML Table with a Border Attribute

Example

Example

An HTML Table with Collapsed Borders

Example

An HTML Table with Cell Padding

Example

HTML Table Headings

Example

Example

An HTML Table with Cell Spacing

Example

More Examples

HTML Table Tags

Example

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it Yourself - Examples

HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

More Examples

HTML Image Tags

Look! Styles and colors

Try it Yourself - Examples

Styling HTML with CSS

Inline Styles

HTML Style Example - Background Color

Example

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

Example

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

Example

Internal Style Sheet

External Style Sheet

HTML Style Tags